Hua'ōlelo: VPH Solid-phase holographic grating, Transmittance spectrophotometer, Reflectance spectrometer, Czerny-Turner Optical ala.
1. Nānā
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka fiber optic spectrometer e like me ka noʻonoʻo a me ka lawe ʻana, e like me ke ʻano o ka diffraction grating.ʻO ka diffraction grating ka mea maʻamau i ka mea ʻike maka, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole ma ka ʻili a ma loko paha.He mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka fiber optic spectrometer.Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka mālamalama me kēia mau ʻupena, e hoʻopuehu i nā kihi ʻokoʻa i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole ma o kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo ka diffraction māmā.
Maluna: Spectrometer reflectance discrimination (hema) and transmittance spectrometer (akau)
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiʻi diffraction i ʻelua mau ʻano: noʻonoʻo a me Transmission gratings.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia nā kiʻi noʻonoʻo i loko o nā kiʻi hoʻohālikelike mokulele a me nā kiʻi concave, ʻoiai e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā gratings hoʻouna i loko o nā groove-type transmission gratings a me volume phase holographic (VPH) transmission gratings.Hōʻike nui kēia ʻatikala i ka spectrometer reflectance-type reflectance blaze blaze grating-type a me ka spectrometer transmittance transmittance-type VPH grating-type.
Ma luna: ʻO ka pākuʻi noʻonoʻo (hema) a me ka pahu hoʻouna (akau).
No ke aha i koho ai ka hapa nui o nā spectrometers i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana ma mua o ka prisma?Hoʻoholo nui ʻia e nā loina spectral o ka grating.ʻO ka helu o nā laina ma kēlā me kēia millimeter ma ka pae kuʻi (laina laina, ʻāpana: laina/mm) e hoʻoholo ai i nā hiki spectral o ka grating.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka laina kuʻi kiʻekiʻe ka hopena i ka hoʻopuehu nui ʻana o ka mālamalama o nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole ma hope o ka hele ʻana i loko o ka grating, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonā optical kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa a me ka grating groove densities me 75, 150, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3600, etc., e hālāwai ana i nā koi no nā pae spectral a me nā hoʻoholo.ʻOiai, ua kaupalena ʻia ka spectroscopy prism e ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā mea aniani, kahi e hoʻoholo ai ka waiwai dispersive o ke aniani i ka hiki ke spectroscopic o ka prism.No ka mea ua kaupalena ʻia nā waiwai dispersive o nā mea aniani, he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokō pono i nā koi o nā noi spectral like ʻole.No laila, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano kikoʻī optic fiber optic pāʻoihana.
Caption: Nā hopena kikoʻī o nā mānoanoa o nā ʻāwī ʻokoʻa ma ke kiʻikuhi i luna.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ka spectrometry hoʻopuehu o ke kukui keʻokeʻo ma o ke aniani a me ka spectrometry diffraction ma o kahi pahu.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o nā gratings, hoʻomaka me ka "Young's double-slit experiment": I ka makahiki 1801, ua ʻike ka mea lapaʻau Pelekane ʻo Thomas Young i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka mālamalama me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua pālua-slit.Hōʻike ʻia ke kukui monochromatic e hele ana ma nā ʻāpana ʻelua i nā ʻāpana ʻālohilohi a me ka ʻeleʻele.Ua hōʻoia mua ka hoʻokolohua ʻālua ʻelua i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka mālamalama i nā ʻano like me nā nalu wai (ke ʻano nalu o ka mālamalama), e hoʻoulu ai i ke ʻano o ke kaiāulu physics.Ma hope mai, ua hana kekahi mau physicists i nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua multi-slit interference a nānā i ke ʻano diffraction o ka mālamalama ma o nā gratings.Ma hope mai, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Fresnel physicist Farani i ke kumumanaʻo kumu o ka ʻokoʻa grating ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻenehana makemakika i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka ʻepekema Kelemania ʻo Huygens, e kiʻi ana i kēia mau hopena.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o Young ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, me nā ʻaoʻao ʻālohilohi a me ka ʻeleʻele.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa (ʻākau), ka māhele ʻana i nā ʻāpana kala i nā kauoha like ʻole.
2.Reflective Spectrometer
Hoʻohana maʻamau nā spectrometers noʻonoʻo i kahi ala ʻike i haku ʻia me kahi kiʻi diffraction plane a me nā aniani concave, i kapa ʻia ʻo Czerny-Turner optical path.ʻO ka maʻamau i loko o kahi ʻāpana, kahi pahu ahi mokulele, ʻelua mau aniani concave, a me kahi mea ʻike.Hōʻike ʻia kēia hoʻonohonoho e ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe, ke kukui hele haʻahaʻa, a me ka throughput optical kiʻekiʻe.Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka hōʻailona māmā ma kahi ʻāpana haiki, hoʻopili mua ʻia ia i loko o kahi kaola like ʻole e kahi mea hoʻohālikelike concave, a laila paʻi i kahi papa ʻokoʻa planar kahi e ʻokoʻa ai nā lōʻihi hawewe i nā kihi ʻokoʻa.ʻO ka mea hope loa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea hoʻomālamalama concave i ke kukui ʻokoʻa ma luna o kahi photodetector a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hōʻailona o nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole e nā pika ma nā kūlana like ʻole ma ka chip photodiode, i ka hopena o ka hana ʻana i kahi spectrum.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, loaʻa pū kekahi spectrometer noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau kānana hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa o ka papa kuhikuhi lua a me nā lens kolamu e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka spectra pukana.
Hōʻike ke kiʻi i kahi ʻano kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi CT.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻo Czerny lāua ʻo Turner ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i kēia ʻōnaehana optika akā hoʻomanaʻo ʻia no kā lāua hāʻawi koʻikoʻi i ke kahua optics—ʻo Adalbert Czerny ka mea kilo hōkū ʻo Austria a me ke kanaka ʻepekema Kelemania ʻo Rudolf W. Turner.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ala optical Czerny-Turner i ʻelua ʻano: keʻa a wehe ʻia (M-type).ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ala ʻōpika i hala/M-type.Maʻaneʻi, ʻo ka hāʻawi likemmetrical hema-akau o ʻelua mau aniani concave e pili ana i ka grating plane, e hōʻike ana i ka uku like ʻana o nā aberrations off-axis, e hopena i ka hoʻonā optical kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana ka SpectraCheck® SR75C fiber optic spectrometer i kahi ala ʻano M-type, e hoʻokō i ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe optical a hiki i 0.15nm i ka laulā ultraviolet o 180-340 nm.
Ma luna: Alanui ʻano ʻano kea/ʻano ʻano hoʻonui (M-type).
Eia kekahi, ma waho aʻe o nā papa ahi palahalaha, aia pū kekahi ʻāpana concave blaze.Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka concave blaze grating e like me ka hui pū ʻana o ke aniani concave a me ka grating.No laila, ʻo kahi spectrometer kuʻu ahi concave wale nō o kahi ʻāpana, kahi concave blaze grating, a me kahi mea ʻike, e hopena i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.Eia naʻe, hoʻonohonoho ka concave blaze grating i ke koi ma ka ʻaoʻao a me ka mamao o ke kukui i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, e kaupalena ana i nā koho i loaʻa.
Maluna: Concave grating spectrometer.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-26-2023